India's "Neighbourhood First" policy is rooted in the principle that stable borders are a prerequisite for sustained economic development. In this context, examine the factors that

Introduction

India’s “Neighbourhood First” policy emphasises stable and cooperative ties with immediate neighbours. While India-Bangladesh relations have seen significant progress, certain persistent issues continue to create friction.

Factors Straining India–Bangladesh Relations

• Teesta River Water Sharing Dispute Lack of a final agreement on equitable water distribution remains a major irritant, especially for Bangladesh.
• Border Management Issues Incidents of cross-border firing, illegal migration, and smuggling generate mistrust.
• Trade Imbalance Bangladesh faces a significant trade deficit with India, leading to concerns of unequal economic gains.
• Citizenship and NRC Concerns India’s internal measures like NRC and CAA have raised apprehensions in Bangladesh about potential migration pressures.
• China Factor Bangladesh’s growing engagement with China, including infrastructure investments, creates strategic sensitivities for India.

Measures to Strengthen Bilateral Ties

• Early Resolution of Teesta Issue Political consensus within India to finalise the agreement would build trust.
• Enhancing Connectivity and Trade Facilitation Expanding multimodal connectivity (rail, road, waterways) and reducing non-tariff barriers.
• Balanced Economic Partnership Promoting Indian investments in Bangladesh and supporting its export diversification.
• Strengthening Border Management Joint patrolling, use of technology, and humane handling of border populations.
• Deepening Strategic and Cultural Engagement Expanding cooperation in energy, defence, and people-to-people ties.

Conclusion

Addressing bilateral irritants through dialogue and mutual sensitivity will reinforce trust, ensuring that India-Bangladesh relations remain a cornerstone of regional stability and prosperity.