India's transition to a high nuclear energy capacity requires not just legislative reform but a convergence of technological sovereignty, long-term financing, and an uncompromising

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India's transition to a high nuclear energy capacity requires not just legislative reform but a convergence of technological sovereignty, long-term financing, and an uncompromising safety culture. Examine this statement in the context of the SHANTI Act, 2025.

Examine

  • 15 marks
  • 8 min
  • 250 words
  • Medium

The Hindu

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1. Introduction

India’s push to expand nuclear power as a clean, reliable base-load source hinges on more than legal changes. The proposed SHANTI Act, 2025 (aimed at reforming liability, regulation, and private participation) must be complemented by technological capability, financing depth, and a robust safety ecosystem.

2. Legislative Reform under SHANTI Act, 2025

  • Liability rationalisation: Seeks to address supplier liability concerns under the CLNDA, enabling foreign and private investment.
  • Regulatory streamlining: Moves toward clearer separation of operator and regulator functions.
  • Private sector participation: Opens avenues for domestic and global players in components and project execution.
  • Faster clearances: Attempts to reduce procedural delays in project approvals.

3. Need for Technological Sovereignty

  • Indigenous reactor development: Scaling PHWRs, FBRs, and thorium-based cycles reduces external dependence.
  • Supply chain resilience: Domestic manufacturing of critical components (fuel, heavy water, control systems).
  • Strategic autonomy: Minimises vulnerability to geopolitical disruptions and technology denial regimes.

4. Long-term Financing Imperatives

  • High capital intensity: Nuclear plants require large upfront investments with long gestation periods.
  • Innovative financing models: Sovereign guarantees, green bonds, and public-private partnerships.
  • Tariff certainty: Ensuring cost recovery while maintaining affordability for DISCOMs and consumers.
  • Risk-sharing frameworks: Clarity on liability and insurance to attract investors.

5. Centrality of Safety Culture

  • Independent regulation: Strengthening bodies like AERB (or a statutory successor) for credible oversight.
  • Global best practices: Adherence to IAEA safety standards and peer reviews.
  • Public trust and transparency: Addressing local concerns through consultation and information sharing.
  • Emergency preparedness: Robust disaster response and continuous safety audits.

6. Conclusion

While the SHANTI Act, 2025 can catalyse nuclear expansion through regulatory clarity and investment facilitation, achieving high nuclear capacity requires an integrated approach combining technological self-reliance, sustainable financing, and an uncompromising commitment to safety.